Hence, the heating, cooling, lighting, temperature and ventilation need to be supervised accurately for better production. This is because that high ammonia level may cause respiratory damages to the chicken. The ammonia concentrations must be controlled below 25 ppm. The desirable temperature and relative humidity requires to be kept between 26☌ and 35☌ and between 60% and 70%, respectively. The growth of broilers mainly depended on the internal environmental condition variation which may impede the meat and eggs production, such as heat or cold stress. This is due to that the internal temperature, relative humidity, chemical environment, ventilation and lighting inside a chicken house would dramatically affect the growth of broilers, which should be kept within a reasonable scope. Poultry farm is an important sector that consumes large quantities of fuel all over the world.
Notably, livestock production is responsible for GHG emission attaining 20–25% of global entire emission, of which approximately 70–80% stems from animal farm industries. Therefore, energy efficient and energy consumption saving have become more than important nowadays because of energy resource shortage, soaring energy prices as well as pressing environmental problems. This has exerted negative effect on plants, animals, human activity, ecosystems and economy around the world, which are largely associated to alterations in climate extremes. The increasing atmospheric concentration of GHG is thought as the biggest contributor of global warming. Notably, the COVID-19 has expounded the importance of addressing another global issue: global warming. Meanwhile, it reveals how population growth, globalization, urbanization, and mass travel give rise to a complex externality with far-reaching global impacts.
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic brought a few extreme challenges to the world including public health crisis, political, environmental, social and economic domains.
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